How to submit a form to an api in Next.js
Forms are used to get data from user and submit it to a server or api to process this data later.
In this tutorial, we are going to build a form and submit it to an API using a react based app like Next.js
We are going to build a simple form using react which will ask the user for the first and last name and submit it to an api
Create the API
We need first to create an API, this will be a simple api deployed on next.js app
Under pages/api/, create myform.js and place this content :
export default function handler(req, res) {
const body = req.body;
res.status(200).json({ user: `${body.firstName} ${body.lastName}` });
}
This will serve as an API that returns an HTTP 200 OK and sends back the request body first name and last name
Create form and submit to the API
Now, let's create our form which will submit the data to the api we have created earlier:
import Head from "next/head";
import { useState } from "react";
export default function Test() {
const [candidat, setCandidat] = useState({
lastName: "",
firstName: "",
});
const [user,setUser]= useState()
const onSubmit = async (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
if (candidat.lastName === "" || candidat.firstName === "")
return alert("last name or first name is empty");
await fetch("/api/myform", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
},
body: JSON.stringify(candidat),
}).then(res=>res.json()).then(data=>setUser(data.user))
};
return (
<div>
<Head>
<title> Next.js submit form</title>
</Head>
<form
onSubmit={onSubmit}
className="w-1/3 justify-center border-2 flex flex-col gap-4 m-4 p-2"
>
<label htmlFor="Last name">Last name</label>
<input
className="border-2 border-gray-200 p-2"
onChange={() => {
setCandidat({ ...candidat, lastName: event.target.value });
}}
></input>
<label htmlFor="First name">First name</label>
<input
className="border-2 border-gray-200 p-2"
onChange={() => {
setCandidat({ ...candidat, firstName: event.target.value });
}}
></input>
<button
className="bg-black text-white text-sm font-medium p-2 rounded "
type="submit"
>
<>Submit</>
</button>
</form>
<div className="p-2">{user ? 'user is : '+ user:''}</div>
</div>
);
}
- We create an object candidat using react useState hook based on what the user has typed
- If the input is empty, we process this data on client side and alert them that data is empty
- We use the html form with its method onSubmit which will take a method called onSubmit
- onSubmit will prevent default so that when you click on submit, data will not be refreshed and so lost
- We check first if user has typed in some data
- Then we submit the data to our built api
To submit the form data to the api, the javascript object needs to be transformed to json using JSON.stringify so the data transferred can be read correctly by our api
fetch options are used to specify the headers and the http verb which is post in our case
tailwindcss classes are used to quicly style our react components, you can use plain css classes as well
Test configuration
Run your server and hit localhost:3000 or whatever port you are using for dev server
Now when you type in the fields and you hit submit you get the result returned by the API below the form like this:
Conclusion
We have seen how to submit form data to an api using react and next.js
this data is transformed to json using json.stringify so that our api can process it and gives us back the response
To learn how to validate forms in client side, i recommend to check my article in this link
